A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z |
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Axis : The lengthwise course of a tunnel, especially along the centre line. |
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Bentonite : Clay formed from volcanic ash which can absorb large amounts of water and |
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expands to many times its normal volume. Used to retain the sides of excavations in wet, unstable soil. |
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Bore : Construction method for tunnels which involves digging a tube-like passage through the |
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earth. Usually refers to mountain tunnelling. See drill and blast. |
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Caisson : A pressurized, bell-shaped structure which allows construction fully under the water. |
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Compare with cofferdam. |
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Cofferdam : A waterproof wall, open at the top, enclosing a construction area below the water |
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level. Compare with caisson. |
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Conduit : Pipe or liner used as a passage for other pipes or wires. |
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Course : In tunnels, the path of a tunnel. In masonry, one horizontal row of blocks. |
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Consolidation : Soil stabilization; see grouting. |
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Cross section : The shape of a tunnel; shapes include ovoid, horseshoe, round or square. |
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Cut and cover : Construction method which involves excavating a large trench, building a roof |
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structure, then covering it with earth. Commonly used for subways and relatively flat locations. |
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D |
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Dewater :- Removal of water during construction. |
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Diaphragm wall : Watertight wall formed from cast-in-place reinforced concrete. |
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Commonly uses slurry wall construction.
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Drift : A horizontal, underground passage. |
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Drill and blast ; Construction method in which pilot holes are drilled for explosive charges. |
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The resulting debris is carried out and the process is repeated. |
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Embedded wall : Retaining wall constructed using sections placed side-by-side or interlocking to |
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form a continuous structure. Includes sheet pile, soldier pile, bored pile and diaphragm wall. |
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Excavation : The process of digging or the hole which results. |
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Full face boring machine : A tunnelling machine which has cutting teeth at its front. |
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It creates the tunnel opening while passing the waste material through the rear. Many types of tunnel boring cut small sections which are progressively enlarged. A full face boring machine cuts the complete cross section of the tunnel at once. See tunnel boring machine (TBM) |
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Grade : The elevation of the ground surface. |
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Often used to describe the angle or slope of the surface. |
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Gravity wall : Retaining wall relying on significant mass, dimensions or modular sections. |
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Little or no stability is gained from the natural resistance of the supported. soil. May be large stone blocks, pre-fabricated concrete modules, or reinforced construction with spread foundations.
freezing or other methods. |
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Grouting : Unstable rock and soil is strengthened by the injection of chemicals, cementitous grout, |
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Immersed caisson : A pressurized, bell-shaped structure which allows construction |
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fully under the water. |
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Immersed tube : Construction method using pre-fabricated tunnel sections. |
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While the ends are sealed, it is lowered into position under the water and attached to other sections. Also sunken tube. |
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Initial support : Applied or installed immediately to the interior surface |
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after excavation to maintain the opening. Includes shotcrete, rock bolts and/or steel ribs. |
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